Geotechnical Centrifuges in the world

Name of the center: RPI Geotechnical Centrifuge Research Center
Manufacturer: Acutronic, France
Year first used: 1989
Radius to base of soil container (m): 3.0
Max size of soil sample (l x w x h): 1.0x0.8x0.8
Bucket area (sq. m): 0.8
Max Design Acc (g): 200
Max Design Carrying Capacity (ton): 1
Max Acc used (g): 200 carrying (ton): 0.5
Max Load Tested (ton): 0.7 at (g): 120
Special Capabilities:

RPI centrifuge facility is one of two recipients of the National Science Foundation's George E. Brown, Jr. Network for Earthquake Engineering Simulation (NEES) awards to undergo a significant equipment upgrade. The proposed next-generation earthquake engineering capability for the RPI centrifuge includes:

  1. a 2D in-flight earthquake shaker (two prototype horizontal components) and associated 2D laminar box container to allow for more realistic 2D modeling;
  2. a four degrees of freedom (4D) robot capable of performing in flight operations such as construction and excavation, pile driving, ground remediation, cone penetration, and static and cyclic loading tests without stopping the centrifuge;
  3. a networked data acquisition system with Internet Teleobservation / Teleoperation capability, to be linked to the high-speed RPI Gigabit Ethernet Backbone;
  4. two high-speed cameras and image processing software;
  5. development of a new generation of advanced and improved sensors capable of providing a better resolution of the measured model response; and
  6. other equipment aimed at increasing the capability of the centrifuge to test a greater number and wider variety of earthquake engineering models. Additional information regarding our special equipment and recent test results are available on the RPI centrifuge Web Site, www.ce.rpi.edu/centrifuge

Key Personnel_1: Ricardo Dobry
Job Title_1: Professor and Director
Area Of Expertise_1: Geotechnical Engineering and Centrifuge modeling
Key Person Email_1: dobryr@rpi.edu

Key Personnel_2: Tarek Abdoun
Job Title_2: Research Assistant Professor and Manager
Area Of Expertise_2: Geotechnical Engineering and Centrifuge modeling
Key Person Email_2: abdout@rpi.edu

Key Personnel_3: Thomas F. Zimmie
Job Title_3: Professor and Director Class of 1933 Cyclic Loading Soils Laboratory
Area Of Expertise_3: Geotechnical Engineering and Centrifuge modeling
Key Person Email_3: zimmit@rpi.edu

Key Personnel_4: Mourad Zeghal
Job Title_4: Asst. Professor, Dept. of Civil Engineering
Area Of Expertise_4: Geotechnical Engineering and Numerical Simulation
Key Person Email_4: zeghal@rpi.edu

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Name of the center: LCPC (France)
Manufacturer: Acutronic
Year first used: 1985
Radius to base of soil container (m): 5.5
Max size of soil sample (l x w x h): 1.2x0.8x0.8
Bucket area (sq. m): 1.54
Max Design Acc (g): 200
Max Design Carrying Capacity (ton): 200
Max Acc used (g): 200 carrying (ton): 0.5
Max Load Tested (ton): 2 at (g): 100
Special Capabilities:

Tests:

Centrifuge study of interactions between an embedded retaining wall and a shallow footing. Thanks to the robot, the following operations are performed in-flight without stopping the centrifuge:

Key Personnel_1: Garnier Jacques
Job Title_1: Head of Soil Mechanic and Geophysic Division
Area Of Expertise_1: Soil mechanic, centrifuge modelling
Key Person Email_1: Jacques.Garnier@lcpc.fr

Key Personnel_2: Thorel Luc
Job Title_2: Head of Soil Mechanic and Centrifuge Group
Area Of Expertise_2: Soil mechanic, centrifuge modelling
Key Person Email_2: Luc.Thorel@lcpc.fr

Key Personnel_3: Haza Elizabeth
Job Title_3: Researcher
Area Of Expertise_3: Geotextile, foundation, centrifuge modelling
Key Person Email_3: Elizabeth.Haza@lcpc.fr

Key Personnel_4: Rault Gerard
Job Title_4: Technician
Area Of Expertise_4: Centrifuge testing, soil sample preparation, mechanic
and hydraulic systems, data processing
Key Person Email_4: Gerard.Rault@lcpc.fr

Key Personnel_5: Gaudicheau Patrick
Job Title_5: Technician
Area Of Expertise_5: Electronic, automatism, data acquisition, model
instrumentation,image processing
Key Person Email_5: Patrick.Gaudicheau@lcpc.fr

Key Personnel_6: Thetiot Nicolas
Job Title_6: Technician
Area Of Expertise_6: Soil and model preparation, laboratory tests, data processing
Key Person Email_6: Nicolas.Thetiot@lcpc.fr

Key Personnel_7: Favraud Claude
Job Title_7: Technician
Area Of Expertise_7: Design of mechanical and hydraulic devices, model instrumentation
Key Person Email_7: Favraud.Claude@lcpc.fr

Key Personnel_8: Pelissier Michel
Job Title_8: Technician
Area Of Expertise_8: Video
Key Person Email_8: Michel.Pelissier@lcpc.fr

Contact_1: Garnier Jacques
JobTitle_1: Head Soil Mechanic and geophysic Division
Tel_1: 33 2 40 84 58 19
Fax_1: 33 2 40 84 59 97
Address_1: LCPC, BP 4129
44341 BOUGUENAIS
FRANCE
Email_1: Jacques.Garnier@lcpc.fr
WebSite_1: www.lcpc.fr

Contact_2: Thorel Luc
JobTitle_2: Head Soil Mechanic and Centrifuge Group
Tel_2: 33 2 40 84 58 08
Fax_2: 33 2 40 84 59 97
Address_2: LCPC, BP 4129
44341 BOUGUENAIS
FRANCE
Email_2: Luc.Thorel@lcpc.fr
WebSite_2: www.lcpc.fr

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Name of the center: Schofield Centre Cambridge
Manufacturer: Department of Engineering, Cambridge
Year first used: 1972
Radius to base of soil container (m): 4.125
Max size of soil sample (l x w x h): 0.4
Bucket area (sq. m): 0.855
Max Design Acc (g): 150
Max Design Carrying Capacity (ton): 1
Max Acc used (g): 150 carrying (ton): 1
Max Load Tested (ton): 1 at (g): 150
Special Capabilities:

Tests:

Over the past thirty years many interesting problems were investigated. Modelling of single and three leged jack up platforms subjected to lateral loading was a very interesting project the results of which were used directly by the oil industry.

Many practical problems in large projects were tackled under the leadership of Prof AN Schofield, FRS. More recent projects include investigation of embankment stability for London Underground Limited, Failure of tunnels of Yorkshire Water etc. These projects were carried out under the leadership of Prof Robert Mair, Prof Malcolm Bolton and Dr S P Gopal Madabhushi.

Key Personnel_1: Prof Malcolm Bolton
Job Title_1: Professor and Director, Schofield Centre
Area Of Expertise_1: Constitutive behaviour of soils, micro-mechanical models for soils, retaining walls, pile foundations
Key Person Email_1: mdb@eng.cam.ac.uk

Key Personnel_2: Dr S P Gopal Madabhushi
Job Title_2: University Lecturer & Asst Director, Schofield Centre
Area Of Expertise_2: Earthquake Geotechnical Modelling, Earthquake actuators and special model containers, Liquefaction of soil, Lateral spreading, Soil flow past piles, liquefaction remediation using drains and in-situ densification
Key Person Email_2: mspg1@eng.cam.ac.uk

Contact_1: Prof M D Bolton
JobTitle_1: Professor and Director, Schofield Centre
Tel_1: +44-1223-332716
Fax_1: +44-1223-339713
Address_1: Department of Engineering,
University of Cambridge,
Trumpington Street,
Cambridge
CB2 1PZ
UK
Email_1: mdb@eng.cam.ac.uk
WebSite_1: http://www-civ.eng.cam.ac.uk/geotech

Contact_2: Dr S P Gopal Madabhushi
JobTitle_2: University Lecturer & Asst Director, Schofield Centre
Tel_2: +44-1223-337108
Fax_2: +44-1223-460777
Address_2: Department of Engineering,
University of Cambridge,
Trumpington Street,
Cambridge
CB2 1PZ
UK
Email_2: mspg1@eng.cam.ac.uk
WebSite_2: http://www-civ.eng.cam.ac.uk/geotech

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Name of the center: University of Maryland Center for Geotechnical Centrifuge Modelling
Manufacturer: Genisco
Year first used: 1981
Radius to base of soil container (m): 1.5
Max size of soil sample (l x w x h): 0.54x0.56x0.5
Bucket area (sq. m): 0.3
Max Design Acc (g): 200
Max Design Carrying Capacity (ton): 13.6 tonnes at 200g
Max Acc used (g): 185 carrying (ton): 11.4
Max Load Tested (ton): 11.4 at (g): 185
Special Capabilities:

  1. In flight freezing or heating;
  2. in flight explosive detonation;
  3. in flight grouting;
  4. in flight cone penetrometer testing

Tests:

Applications of centrifuge modelling at the University of Maryland Center for Geotechnical Centrifuge Modelling is described at:
http://www.cee.umd.edu/centrifuge. One focus of our research has been cold regions geotechnique.Yang and Goodings demonstrated that frost heave developing over the course of a full winter of freezing is correctly simulated in a few hours in centrifuge models of silt and silty clay; results were also used to test and calibrate an existing numerical model. Han and Goodings (work underway) are using the same technique to model the complex reaction of clay when frozen.

Han, Goodings, Torrents and Zeinali reported on experiments in which transport of ethylene glycol (antifreeze) through silt was found to be strongly dependent on the time of leakage in the freezing cycle, and was very different from transport in unfrozen soil.

Finally, Goodings and Straub reported research in modeling buried boulder jacking in soil undergoing freezing and thawing. Even in silt, cooling induced consolidation was measured prior to development of heave.

Key Personnel_1: Deborah J. Goodings
Job Title_1: Professor & Director of Center for Geotechnical Centrifuge Modelling
Area Of Expertise_1: Cold regions geotechnique; explosive effects;
compaction grouting; geo-environmental; reinforced soil behaviour; slope
instability; sinkhole development.
Key Person Email_1: goodings@eng.umd.edu

Key Personnel_2: Alba Torrents
Job Title_2: Associate Professor & Centrifuge Modelling Center Associate
Area Of Expertise_2: Environmental engineering

Key Personnel_3: William Fourney
Job Title_3: Professor & Centrifuge Modelling Center Associate
Area Of Expertise_3: Explosive effects

Contact_1: Deborah J. Goodings
JobTitle_1: Professor & Director of Center for Geotechnical Centrifuge Modelling
Tel_1: 1-301-405-1960
Fax_1: 1-301-405-2585
Address_1: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
University of Maryland
College Park MD 20742
USA
Email_1: goodings@eng.umd.edu
WebSite_1: http://www.cee.umd.edu/centrifuge/

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Name of the center: University of California, San Diego
Manufacturer: Actidyn
Year first used: 2001
Radius to base of soil container (m): 2.00
Max size of soil sample (l x w x h): 0.28
Bucket area (sq. m): 0.35
Max Design Acc (g): 130
Max Design Carrying Capacity (ton): 0.5
Max Acc used (g): 100 carrying (ton): 0.5

Key Personnel_1: Ahmed Elgamal
Job Title_1: Professor
Area Of Expertise_1: Geotechnical earthquake engineering
Key Person Email_1: elgamal@ucsd.edu

Key Personnel_2: Jorge Meneses-Loja
Job Title_2: Assistant Scientist
Area Of Expertise_2: Geotechnical earthquake engineering
Key Person Email_2: jfmeneses@ucsd.edu

Contact_1: Ahmed Elgamal
JobTitle_1: Professor
Tel_1: 858-822-1075
Fax_1: 858-822-2260
Address_1: 9500 Gilman Dr.
La Jolla, CA 92093-0085
Email_1: elgamal@ucsd.edu

Contact_2: Jorge Meneses-Loja
JobTitle_2: Assistant Scientist
Tel_2: 858-822-3054
Fax_2: 858-822-2260
Address_2: 9500 Gilman Dr.
La Jolla, CA 92093-0085
Email_2: jfmeneses@ucsd.edu

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Name of the center: Department of Civil Engineering, University of Western Australia
Manufacturer: Acutronic, France
Year first used: 1989
Radius to base of soil container (m): 1.76
Max size of soil sample (l x w x h): 0.0824
Bucket area (sq. m): 0.254
Max Design Acc (g): 200
Max Design Carrying Capacity (ton): 0.2
Max Acc used (g): 200 carrying (ton): 0.2
Max Load Tested (ton): 0.4 at (g): 100
Special Capabilities:

  1. soil caracterization techniques in soft soils

Tests: Most recent testing has been in the offshore foundations area, including:

  1. "twitch tests" investigating the consolidation coefficient of soft soils
  2. rocket and drag anchors
  3. shallow foundations including spudcans, suction caissons and suction piles
  4. laterial loading of piles
  5. investigation of pore-pressures under pipelines in ocean waves

Key Personnel_1: Prof. Mark Randolph
Job Title_1: Director, Centre for Offshore Foundation Systems
Area Of Expertise_1: Geotechnical Engineering
Key Person Email_1: randolph@civil.uwa.edu.au

Key Personnel_2: Prof. Martin Fahey
Job Title_2: Head of Department
Area Of Expertise_2: Geotechnical Engineering
Key Person Email_2: fahey@civil.uwa.edu.au

Key Personnel_3: Dr Mark Cassidy
Job Title_3: Research Associate
Area Of Expertise_3: Wave-Structure-Soil Interaction
Key Person Email_3: mcassidy@civil.uwa.edu.au

Key Personnel_4: Dr Mostafa Ismail
Job Title_4: Research Associate
Area Of Expertise_4: Geotechnical Engineering
Key Person Email_4: mismail@cyllene.uwa.edu.au

Contact_1: Prof. Mark Randolph
JobTitle_1: Director, Centre for Offshore Foundation Systems
Tel_1: + 61 (0)8 9380 7319
Fax_1: + 61 (0)8 9380 7320
Address_1: Centre for Offshore Foundation Systems
University of Western Australia
Crawley WA Australia 6907
Email_1: randolph@civil.uwa.edu.au
WebSite_1: www.cofs.uwa.edu.au

Contact_2: Dr Mark Cassidy
JobTitle_2: Research Associate
Tel_2: + 61 (0)8 9380 3732
Fax_2: + 61 (0)8 9380 7320
Address_2: Centre for Offshore Foundation Systems
University of Western Australia
Crawley WA Australia 6907
Email_2: mcassidy@civil.uwa.edu.au
WebSite_2: www.cofs.uwa.edu.au

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Name of the center: Center for Geotechnical Modeling
Special Capabilities:

As one of the recipients of the National Science Foundation's George E. Brown, Jr. Network for Earthquake Engineering Simulation(NEES)awards, the National Geotechnical Centrifuge at the University of California, Davis is undergoing a significant upgrade in both acceleration capacity and research tools. Renovation of the centrifuge itself has begun and, when complete by the end of 2001, will double acceleration capacity to 80 g. Other exciting upgrades that will be complete by 2004 include the development of hundreds of networked and advanced sensors, high resolution digital cameras, a four-degree-of-freedom gantry robot for in-flight inspection and construction (including an on-board tool rack for tasks such as pile driving, soil improvement, and custom tools), in-flight geophysical testing and tomography, a vertical-horizontal biaxial shaking table, remote teleoperation and telecollaboration, a viscualization facility with power wall, and a new 400 sq m sample preparation and office building.

Key Personnel_1: Bruce L. Kutter
Job Title_1: Professor and Director
Area Of Expertise_1: Geotechnical modeling
Key Person Email_1: blkutter@ucdavis.edu

Key Personnel_2: Daniel W. Wilson
Job Title_2: Research Engineer and Facility Manager
Area Of Expertise_2: Geotechnical modeling and data acquisition
Key Person Email_2: dxwilson@ucdavis.edu

Key Personnel_3: Lars Pedersen
Job Title_3: Development Engineer
Area Of Expertise_3: Shaker design and centrifuge safety
Key Person Email_3: lpedersen@ucdavis.edu

Key Personnel_4: Thomas Kohnke
Job Title_4: Head Technician
Area Of Expertise_4: Centrifuge operations
Key Person Email_4: tjkohnke@ucdavis.edu

Contact_1: Bruce L. Kutter
JobTitle_1: Professor and Director
Tel_1: 1-530-752-8099
Fax_1: 1-530-752-6758
Address_1: Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering
University of California, Davis
One Shields Avenue, Engineering III
Davis, CA 95616 USA
Email_1: blkutter@ucdavis.edu
WebSite_1: http://cgm.engr.ucdavis.edu/

Contact_2: Daniel W. Wilson
JobTitle_2: Facility Manager and Research Engineer
Tel_2: 1-530-754-9761
Fax_2: 1-530-752-6758
Address_2: Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering
University of California, Davis
One Shields Avenue, Engineering III
Davis, CA 95616 USA
Email_2: dxwilson@ucdavis.edu
WebSite_2: http://cgm.engr.ucdavis.edu/

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Name of the center: Geotechnical Laboratory, University of Delft
Manufacturer: Manufactured by University of Delft, following design of Allersma
Year first used: 1990
Radius to base of soil container (m): 1.2
Max size of soil sample (l x w x h): 0.3x0.4x0.4
Bucket area (sq. m): 0.3x0.4
Max Design Acc (g): 300
Max Design Carrying Capacity (ton): 0.040
Max Acc used (g): 160 carrying (ton): 0.040
Max Load Tested (ton): 0.050 at (g): 150
Special Capabilities:

Tests:

Key Personnel_1: H.G.B. Allersma
Job Title_1: Associate Professor
Area Of Expertise_1: all aspects concerning experimental (centrifuge)
research
Key Person Email_1: h.allersma@ct.tudelft.nl

Key Personnel_2: J.J. de Visser
Job Title_2: Technician
Area Of Expertise_2: Sample preparation
Operation centrifuge

Contact_1: H.G.B. Allersma
JobTitle_1: Associate Professor
Tel_1: +31152783326
Fax_1: +31152783328
Address_1: Civil Engineering
Stevinweg 1
2628CN Delft
the Netherlands
Email_1: h.allersma@ct.tudelft.nl
WebSite_1: http://geo.citg.tudelf.nl/allersma/hgball.htm

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Name of the center: Colorado Centrifuge Laboratory
Manufacturer: Wiley
Year first used: 1988
Radius to base of soil container (m): 5.6
Max size of soil sample (l x w x h): 1.22x1.22x0.91
Bucket area (sq. m): 1.49
Max Design Acc (g): 200
Max Design Carrying Capacity (ton): 2
Max Acc used (g): 200 carrying (ton): 2
Max Load Tested (ton): 200 at (g): 2
Special Capabilities:

  1. Inflight balancing system;
  2. automatic cooling of centrifuge chamer;

Tests:

Simulating of the stability of an 88-m radius offshore gravity platform under quasi-static, cyclic loading from iceberg impact, and dynamic loading from earthquakes. These experiments fully utilized the capacity of the 400 g-ton capacity of the centrifuge. They were made more interesting by the complex nature of the foundation soil, and the intricating design of the skirt foundation of the platform. The former required the use of inflight cone penetration testing to determine the insitu conditions, while the structural design of the platform required careful location of the center of gravity of the model, in order to get the overturning moments simulated correctly.

Key Personnel_1: Hon-Yim Ko
Job Title_1: Professor & Director
Area Of Expertise_1: Earthquake simulation, liquefaction, offshore
structures, retaining structures, slope stability
Key Person Email_1: ko@colorado.edu

Key Personnel_2: Ronald Y. Pak
Job Title_2: Professor
Area Of Expertise_2: Soil structure interaction, soil dynamics and
earthquake engineering, pile foundation
Key Person Email_2: pak@bechtel.colorado.edu

Key Personnel_3: Dobroslav Znidarcic
Job Title_3: Associate Professor
Area Of Expertise_3: Earth structures, flow processes, offshore structures
Key Person Email_3: znidarci@spot.colorado.edu

Key Personnel_4: Jorge Zornberg
Job Title_4: Assistant Professor
Area Of Expertise_4: Soil reinforcement and geosynthetics, waste
containment facilities, environmental geotechnics
Key Person Email_4: Zornberg@spot.colorado.edu

Key Personnel_5: Stein Sture
Job Title_5: Professor
Area Of Expertise_5: Constitutive mechanics, earthquake engineering,
mechanics of granular materials
Key Person Email_5: sture@bechtel.colorado.edu

Key Personnel_6: Ton Goddery
Job Title_6: Professional research assistant
Area Of Expertise_6: Instrumental design
Key Person Email_6: goddery@spot.colorado.edu

Key Personnel_7: Victor Saouma
Job Title_7: Professor
Area Of Expertise_7: Dam safety, fracture mechanics
Key Person Email_7: saouma@bechtel.colorado.edu

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Name of the center: University of Florida, Department of Civil and Coastal Engineering
Manufacturer: #1 Built in house, #2 Rucker
Year first used: #1/1987,#2/1978
Radius to base of soil container (m): #1=1.5, #2=1.0
Max size of soil sample (l x w x h): #1=0.25, #2=0.03
Bucket area (sq. m): #1=0.6, #2=0.1
Max Design Acc (g): #1=100, #2=90
Max Design Carrying Capacity (ton): #1=25, #2=
Max Acc used (g): 80 carrying (ton): 0.3
Max Load Tested (ton): 0.35 at (g): 88
Special Capabilities:

#1,

  1. Upgrading to wireless data acquisition, in flight soil-raining device.
  2. Capable of pile insertion (both driven and cast-in-place)and axial
  3. and lateral loading of single and groups.

#2,

  1. Upgrading to wireless DAC.

Tests:

Performed a series of lateral loading tests on drilled shafts. The shafts were made by inserting a metal tube (3 cm in diameter, 25 cm length) into a sand sample. The soil inside the tube was then vacuumed out and a concrete slurry was poured into the hollow tube. The tube was then removed and the sample was spun up and allowed to cure in flight. Once cured, they were subjected to both lateral and torsional loadings. The purpose was to model typical foundations (drilled shafts) for the new cantilevered traffic signals.

Key Personnel_1: Mike McVay
Job Title_1: Professor
Area Of Expertise_1: Deep Foundations
Numerical Modeling
Key Person Email_1: mcvay@ce.ufl.edu

Key Personnel_2: David Bloomquist
Job Title_2: Associate Professor
Area Of Expertise_2: Insitu Instrumentation,pulsed laser
data collection
Key Person Email_2: dave@ce.ufl.edu

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Name of the center: Dept. of Civil Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
Manufacturer: Geocentric Dynamics
Year first used: 1997
Radius to base of soil container (m): 1.37
Max size of soil sample (l x w x h): 0.53x0.18x0.24
Bucket area (sq. m): 0.53x0.18
Max Design Acc (g): 200
Max Design Carrying Capacity (ton): 0.18
Max Acc used (g): 100 carrying (ton): 0.09
Max Load Tested (ton): 0.18 at (g): 80
Special Capabilities:

  1. A hydraulic shaker with a laminar model container.
  2. 32 channel data acquisition system for static and dynamic tests.
  3. New in-flight measuring devices under development.


Key Personnel_1: Ludwig Figueroa
Job Title_1: Professor
Area Of Expertise_1: Earthquake Engineering
Pavement Engineering
Rock Mechanics
Key Person Email_1: jlf@po.cwru.edu

Key Personnel_2: Xiangwu Zeng
Job Title_2: Associate Professor
Area Of Expertise_2: Earthquake Engineering
Soil property measurement
Centrifuge equipment
Key Person Email_2: xxz16@po.cwru.edu

Contact_1: Ludwig Figueroa
JobTitle_1: Professor
Tel_1: 1-216-368-6247
Fax_1: 1-216-368-5229
Address_1: Dept. of Civil Engineering
10900 Euclid Avenue
Case Western Reserve University
Cleveland, Ohio 44106-7201
USA
Email_1: jlf@po.cwru.edu
WebSite_1: http://ecivwww.cwru.edu/civil/jlf/jfigueroa.html

Contact_2: Xiangwu Zeng
JobTitle_2: Associate Professor
Tel_2: 1-216-368-2923
Fax_2: 1-216-368-5229
Address_2: Dept. of Civil Engineering
10900 Euclid Avenue
Case Western Reserve University
Cleveland, Ohio 44106-7201
USA
Email_2: xxz16@po.cwru.edu
WebSite_2: http://ecivwww.cwru.edu/civil/xxz16/dzeng.html

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Name of the center: C-CORE, Memorial University of Newfoundland
Manufacturer: Acutronic 680
Year first used: 1993
Radius to base of soil container (m): 5.5
Max size of soil sample (l x w x h): 1.3x1x1
Bucket area (sq. m): 1.4x1.1
Max Design Acc (g): 200
Max Design Carrying Capacity (ton): 2.2
Max Acc used (g): 200 carrying (ton): 0.65
Max Load Tested (ton): 2.2 at (g): 100
Special Capabilities:

  1. Cold regions testing (down to -70 deg C)
  2. Calibration chamber (lateral pressure control)
  3. 1-axis Earthquake simulator (after 02/02)

Tests:

Assessment of floating ice - upward breaking cone pier interaction
(1) to provide forces for subsequent assessment of pier foundation -
sedimentary rock interaction

(2) for use in real time design of Confederation Bridge foundation design.

1) Barrette, P.D, Lau, M., Phillips, R, McKenna, R.F., and Jones, S.J.
(2000)Interaction Between Level Ice and Conical Structures: Centrifuge
simulations Phase II. International Conference on Offshore Mechanics &
Arctic Engineering, New Orleans, February 2000, paper OMAE2000/P&A-1004.

2) Kosar, K.M., Phillips, R., Becker, D.E. and Turnham, J. (1997)
Physical modelling of foundations for Northumberland Strait Crossing.
Transportation Research Record, No. 1582, pp. 8-12, National Academy
Press, Washington.


Key Personnel_1: Ryan Phillips
Job Title_1: Geotechnical Director
Area Of Expertise_1: Geotechnical Engineering; Physical Modelling
Key Person Email_1: ryan.phillips@c-core.ca

Key Personnel_2: Radu Popescu
Job Title_2: Senior Engineer
Area Of Expertise_2: Geotechnical Engineering; Numerical Modelling
Key Person Email_2: radu.popescu@c-core.ca

Key Personnel_3: Peijun Guo
Job Title_3: Geotechnical Engineer
Area Of Expertise_3: Geotechnical Engineering; Numerical & Constitutive
Modelling
Key Person Email_3: peijun.guo@c-core.ca

Contact_1: Ryan Phillips
JobTitle_1: Geotechnical Director
Tel_1: 1 709 737 8371
Fax_1: 1 709 737 4706
Address_1: C-CORE
Memorial University of Newfoundland
St John's, NF, Canada, A1B 3X5
Email_1: ryan.phillips@c-core.ca
WebSite_1: www.c-core.ca

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Name of the center: Center for Soft Ground Engineering. National University of Singapore
Manufacturer: Harrick Steel Fabricator Pte Ltd, Singapore
Year first used: 1990
Radius to base of soil container (m): 1.872
Max size of soil sample (l x w x h): 0.207
Bucket area (sq. m): 0.553
Max Design Acc (g): 200
Max Design Carrying Capacity (ton): 0.8
Max Acc used (g): 150 carrying (ton): 0.25
Max Load Tested (ton): 0.4 at (g): 100
Special Capabilities:

  1. In-flight excavator for 3-Dimensional simulation of deep-excavation;
  2. Hydraulic-server controlled Earthquake shaker;
  3. In-flight Sand Compaction Pile (SCP) installer;
  4. Simulation of gravity caisson behavior during construction;
  5. Behavior of inclined piles under simultaneous vertical and horizontal loads

Tests:

Sand compaction piles are commonly used for ground improvement in which sand columns are formed by forcibly injecting sand into the in-situ soft clay via a casing. ?rozen pile?method has been widely used to study the behavior of SCPs in geotechnical centrifuge by inserting miniature frozen saturated sand columns into predrilled holes in the model clay beds under 1g condition. Alternatively, sand columns have also been prepared by pouring dry sand into predrilled holes in the model clay beds under 1g condition. Neither of these two methods really simulates the stress changes in the surrounding clay. An in-flight SCP installer was developed to simulate the installation process under high-g conditions. The system comprises of a hydraulic system for the delivery of sand into the soft clay bed and a stepper-motor-driven XY table for positioning of the sand delivery system. Test results showed that the cavity expansion enforced by the high-g SCPs installation methods induces a setup-up effect in the soft clay leading to higher stiffness and strength to the improved ground compared to the other two 1-g SCP installation methods.

Key Personnel_1: C F Leung
Job Title_1: Head of Geotechnical Group
Area Of Expertise_1: Pile foundations
Land reclamation
Coastal geotechnical structures
Key Person Email_1: cvelcf@nus.edu.sg

Key Personnel_2: T S Tan
Job Title_2: Director of Centre for Soft Ground Engineering
Area Of Expertise_2: Deep excavation
Land reclamation
Soil improvement
Key Person Email_2: cvetants@nus.edu.sg

Key Personnel_3: Lee F H
Job Title_3: Director of Centre for Protection Technology
Area Of Expertise_3: Soil dynamics
Soil improvement
Deep excavation
Key Person Email_3: cveleefh@nus.edu.sg

Key Personnel_4: Shen R F
Job Title_4: Professional Officer
Area Of Expertise_4: Pile foundation
Instrumentation
Centrifuge model setup
Key Person Email_4: cvesrf@nus.edu.sg

Contact_1: Leung C F
JobTitle_1: Head of Geotechnical Group
Tel_1: (65) 8742281
Fax_1: (65) 7791635
Address_1: Dept of Civil Engineering
National Univ of Singapore
1 Engineering Drive 2
Singapore 117576
Email_1: cvelcf@nus.edu.sg
WebSite_1: http://www.nus.edu.sg

Contact_2: Tan T S
JobTitle_2: Director of Centre for Soft Ground Engineering
Tel_2: (65) 8742160
Fax_2: (65) 7791635
Address_2: Dept of Civil Engineering
National Univ of Singapore
1 Engineering Drive 2
Singapore 117576
Email_2: cvetants@nus.edu.sg
WebSite_2: http://www.nus.edu.sg

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Name of the center: Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Manufacturer: Genisco Technology Corporation
Year first used: 1985
Radius to base of soil container (m): 1.295
Max size of soil sample (l x w x h): 0.56x0.54x0.54
Bucket area (sq. m): 0.56x0.54
Max Design Acc (g): 200
Max Design Carrying Capacity (ton): 90.8kg
Max Acc used (g): 200 carrying (ton): 68.1kg
Special Capabilities:

  1. Mounted on board: data acquisition system, air pressure delivery.
  2. Optional wide angle camera mounted on platform.

Tests:

Most of the recent research work carried out in the centrifuge deals with environmental geotechnics, including modeling of air sparging remediation process, simulation of transport of DNAPLs in fractures and enhanced remediation of LNAPLs in porous media.

Key Personnel_1: Patricia Culligan
Job Title_1: Associate Professor
Area Of Expertise_1: Environmental geo-mechanics
Fluid, heat and contaminant transport in soil
Geotechnical aspects of waste disposal and hazardous site remediation
Use of NMR for pore scale characterization of porous media transport
Key Person Email_1: trishch@mit.edu

Key Personnel_2: John Germaine
Job Title_2: Principal Research Associate
Area Of Expertise_2: Lab and field instrumentation
Geotechnical engineering
Data acquisition
Lab testing automation
Key Person Email_2: jgermain@mit.edu

Key Personnel_3: Stephen Rudolph
Job Title_3: Technical Assistant
Key Person Email_3: srudolph@mit.edu

Key Personnel_4: Catalina Marulanda
Job Title_4: Post Doctoral Associate
Area Of Expertise_4: Air Sparging
Key Person Email_4: catalina@mit.edu

Key Personnel_5: Laurent Levy
Job Title_5: Graduate Student/Research Assistant
Area Of Expertise_5: NAPL transport
Key Person Email_5: levy@mit.edu

Key Personnel_6: Joon Sik Yoon
Job Title_6: Graduate Student/Research Assistant
Key Person Email_6: jyoon1@mit.edu

Contact_1: Patricia Culligan
JobTitle_1: Associate Professor
Tel_1: 617 258-7093
Fax_1: 617 253 6044
Address_1: MIT Room 1-370
77 Massachusetts Ave.
Cambridge, MA 02139
Email_1: trishch@mit.edu
WebSite_1: http://web.mit.edu/civenv/html/people/faculty/culligan.html

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Name of the center: USC-Caltech Centrifuge
Manufacturer: Model A1030 Genisco
Year first used: 1974
Radius to base of soil container (m): 1.00
Max size of soil sample (l x w x h): 0.07
Bucket area (sq. m): 0.255
Max Design Acc (g): 175
Max Design Carrying Capacity (ton): 0.1
Max Acc used (g): 175 carrying (ton): 0.03
Max Load Tested (ton): 0.1 at (g): 50
Special Capabilities:

  1. Faulting mechanism box
  2. Impulse earthquake generating mechanism
  3. Continuous earthquake generating mechanism
  4. Air driven shaker
  5. Pile driving mechanism
  6. Laminar box
  7. Plate tectonics and convection experiment equipment

Tests:

  1. Simulation of rupture processes on reverse fault (1981 and 1989)
  2. Earthquake response of earth dams (1986)
  3. Dynamic testing of shallow foundations subjected to earthquakes (1984)
  4. Measurement of stresses in piles and soil during pile driving (1984)
  5. Liquefaction studies (1987 and 1988)
  6. Modeling of slope failure under static and dynamic loading (1989)
  7. Base-isolation studies using geosynthetic liners (1990 and 1991)
  8. Study of convection in the earth’s mantle (1984).

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Key Personnel_1: Jean-Pierre Bardet
Job Title_1: Professor
Area Of Expertise_1: Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering, Geomechanics,
Experimental Soil Mechanics
Key Person Email_1: bardet@usc.edu

Key Personnel_2: Behnam Hushmand
Job Title_2: Consulting Engineer
Area Of Expertise_2: Earthquake Engineering,
Field instrumentation
Key Person Email_2: bhushmand@earthlink.net

Contact_1: Jean-Pierre Bardet
JobTitle_1: Professor
Tel_1: 213 740 0608
Fax_1: 213 744 1426
Address_1: Civil Engineering Department
University of Southern California
Los Angeles
CA 90089-2531
USA
Email_1: bardet@usc.edu
WebSite_1: http://geoinfo.usc.edu/bardet/

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Name of the center: ETH Zurich Geotechnical Drum Centrifuge
Manufacturer: Thomas Broadbent
Year first used: 1999
Radius to base of soil container (m): 1.1
Max size of soil sample (l x w x h): 7 x 0.7 x 0.3
Bucket area (sq. m): 1.5
Max Design Acc (g): 440
Max Design Carrying Capacity (ton): 2
Max Acc used (g): 440 carrying (ton): 2
Max Load Tested (ton): 2 at (g): 440

Key Personnel_1: Sarah Springman
Job Title_1: Director & Professor
Area Of Expertise_1: soil structure interaction
natural hazards
physical and numerical modelling
laboratory & in situ testing
Key Person Email_1: springman@igt.baug.ethz.ch

Key Personnel_2: Dr Jan Laue
Job Title_2: Technical Director
Area Of Expertise_2: piles
shallow foundations
site investigation
soil dynamics
physical and numerical modelling
laboratory testing
Key Person Email_2: laue@igt.baug.ethz.ch

Key Personnel_3: Markus Iten
Job Title_3: Centrifuge Operator
Area Of Expertise_3: mechanical engineering technician
jet engine expertise!
learning soil mechanics....
Key Person Email_3: iten@igt.baug.ethz.ch

Key Personnel_4: Alfredo Privitello
Job Title_4: Mechanical Engineering Technician
Area Of Expertise_4: machining equipment & tools for use in the centrifuge

Key Personnel_5: Adi Zweidler
Job Title_5: Mechanical Engineer
Area Of Expertise_5: Mechanical design of major items of equipment

Key Personnel_6: Ernst Bleiker
Job Title_6: Electronic Engineer
Area Of Expertise_6: Design of electronic systems

Key Personnel_7: Philippe Nater
Job Title_7: Doctoral researcher
Area Of Expertise_7: shallow foundations on layered soils

Key Personnel_8: Ravi Chikatamarla
Job Title_8: Doctoral researcher
Area Of Expertise_8: impact problems & soil dynamics

Key Personnel_9: Marco Sperl
Job Title_9: geotechnical technician

Key Personnel_10: Rene Rohr
Job Title_10: geotechnical technician

Contact_1: Dr Laue
JobTitle_1: as above
Tel_1: Int 41 1 633 3718
Fax_1: Int 41 1 633 1079
Address_1: Institute for geotechnical engineering
CH8093 Hoenggerberg
Zurich
Switzerland
Email_1: laue@igt.baug.ethz.ch
WebSite_1: www.igt.ethz.ch/zentrifuge

Contact_2: Sarah Springman
Tel_2: as above
Address_2: as above
Email_2: springman@igt.baug.ethz.ch

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Name of the center: City University
Manufacturer: Acutronic
Year first used: 1989
Radius to base of soil container (m): 1.8
Max size of soil sample (l x w x h): 0.6x0.4x0.5
Bucket area (sq. m): 0.35
Max Design Acc (g): 200
Max Design Carrying Capacity (ton): 0.4
Max Acc used (g): 200 carrying (ton): 0.2
Max Load Tested (ton): 0.22 at (g): 200
Special Capabilities:

  1. In-house developed image analysis system for determining 2D and 3D vectors of ground movements.
  2. Robust, user friendly centrifuge facility with quick response time to new modelling challenges.


Tests:

The most recent "special" tests concerned the investigation of heave reducing piles in controlling ground movements caused by deep excavations. The centrifuge tests were of a 12m deep retained excavation with top-down construction. A plane strain model excavation was created in a kaolin clay sample. An aluminium plate was used to simulate a diaphragm retaining wall and the excavation was initially supported by fluid pressures. A heavy liquid provided lateral (Ko) support and an air pressure corresponding to the in situ vertical total stress was provided over the formation while effective stress equilibrium was achieved. The excavation was simulated by draining the heavy fluid along with simultaneous and corresponding reductions in the air pressure. The phases of excavation were puncuated with prop installation at 3 horizons using hydraulic pistons acting on stiff walings. The models incorporated various arrangements of bored piles installed in the formation. Detailed patterns of movements caused by the excavation were obtained using image analysis which allowed the influence of the piles on controlling ground movements to be quantified.

Other "special" tests have included a small flexible foundation with strain controlled loading and 3D tunnel headings with face support techniques and with 3D surface topography measurements.

Key Personnel_1: Neil Taylor
Job Title_1: Professor of Geotechnical Engineering
Area Of Expertise_1: Centrifuge modelling of quasi static civil
engineering related problems
Key Person Email_1: r.n.taylor@city.ac.uk

Key Personnel_2: Andrew McNamara
Job Title_2: Research Fellow
Area Of Expertise_2: Centrifuge Manager;
Centrifuge modelling of construction processes
Key Person Email_2: a.mcnamara@city.ac.uk

Contact_1: R N Taylor
JobTitle_1: Professor of Geotechnical Engineering
Tel_1: +44 20 7040 8157
Fax_1: +44 20 7040 8832
Address_1: Geotechnical Engineering Research Centre
City University
Northampton Square
London EC1V 0HB
UK
Email_1: r.n.taylor@city.ac.uk
WebSite_1: http://www.city.ac.uk/engineering/civil/research/geotechn1.htm

Contact_2: Dr Andrew McNamara
JobTitle_2: Research Fellow
Tel_2: +44 20 7040 8000
Fax_2: +44 20 7040 5060
Address_2: Geotechnical Engineering Research Centre
City University
Northampton Square
London EC1V 0HB
UK
Email_2: a.mcnamara@city.ac.uk
WebSite_2: http://www.city.ac.uk/engineering/civil/research/geotechn1.htm

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Name of the center: Geotechnical Centrifuge Laboratory at Tsinghua University
Manufacturer: Chinese Helicopter Research & Development Institute
Year first used: 1993
Radius to base of soil container: 2.4m
Max. size of soil sample(l x w x h):  0.7x0.6x0.7 (cubic meter)
Bucket Area: 0.42sq. m
Max Design Acc (g): 250
Max Design Carrying Capacity (ton): 0.20
Max Acc used (g): 250 carrying (ton): 0.20
Max Load Tested (ton): 0.30 at (g): 150
Special Capabilities:

  1. In flight pile driver and load device
  2. Peltier cooling/heating system
  3. Shaker under adjesting

Tests:

A cooling/heating system has been developed to study the influence of freeze/thaw cycle on foundation. The package consists of 3*2 arrays of Peltier sets and gives a capacity of 186 Kcal/h. It can be cooled down to -40c and heated up to +50c.Modeling of models were conducted for heat transfer under 30g and 40g. The results show that the cooling discharge transferred from the system to the model surface and the temperature measured at same prototype depth were same in the two different g-level. The centrifuge tests of a shallow foundation on silt clay undergoing two freeze/thaw cycles were performed. The test results indicate that the settlement of the foundation loaded by 0.32 Mpa increases initially and then keeps unchangeable after undergoing freezing in the first cycle

Key Personnel_1: Pu, Jialiu
Job Title_1: Professor
Area Of Expertise_1: Constitutive relationship of soil
Earth work engineering
Key Person Email_1: pjl-dhh@tsinghua.edu.cn

Key Personnel_2: Zhang, Jianmin
Job Title_2: Professor
Area Of Expertise_2: Soil dynamics and geotechnical earthquake engineering
Earth work engineering
Key Person Email_2: zhangjm@tsinghua.edu.cn

Key Personnel_3: Zhang, Bingyin
Job Title_3: Associate Professor
Area Of Expertise_3: Geoenviromental engineering
Earth work engineering
Key Person Email_3: zhangby@tsinghua.edu.cn

Key Personnel_4: Zhang, Jinhong
Job Title_4: Associate Professor
Area Of Expertise_4: Geoenvironmental engineering
Earth work engineering
Key Person Email_4: zhangjh@tsinghua.edu.cn

Key Personnel_5: Chen, Shengli
Job Title_5: Lecturer
Area Of Expertise_5: Soil dynamics and geotechnical earthquake engineering
Key Person Email_5: centrif@tsinghua.edu.cn

Key Personnel_6: Yin, Kunting
Job Title_6: Senior Engineer
Area Of Expertise_6: Technics of geotechnical centrifuge
Key Person Email_6: centrif@tsinghua.edu.cn

Contact_1: Pu, Jialiu
JobTitle_1: Professor
Tel_1: +86-01-62785457
Fax_1: +86-01-62785699
Address_1: Dept of Hydraulic Engineering,
Tsinghua University
Beijing, 100084 P.R. China
Email_1: pjl-dhh@tsinghua.edu.cn

Contact_2: Zhang, Jianmin
JobTitle_2: Professor
Tel_2: +86-01-62772210
Fax_2: +86-01-62785699
Address_2: Dept of Hydraulic Engineering,
Tsinghua University,
Beijing, 100084 P.R. China
Email_2: Zhangjm@tsinghua.edu.cn

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Name of the center: Geotechnical Centrifuge Laboratory, IWHR (Beijing, China)
Manufacturer: Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research.
Year first used: 1991
Nominal radius: 5.03m
Effective radius: 4.5m
Max. design acceleration: 300g
Max. design carrying capacity: 1.5ton
Max. acceleration used 250g carrying 1.2tons
Max. load ever tested 3.5 ton at 30g
Special capabilities:

  1. Lubrication oil tank in the machine support the safe performance at sudden power off.
  2. Digital signal communicate through slip rings

One most special/interesting tested carried out (in 150 words):

The model of Xiaolangdi Rock-fill dam with the total weight of 1.2ton at 250g was tested to simulate the original 154m high rock-fill dam with sloping clay core. The concrete cut-off wall was successfully simulated and tested to answer the feasibility of installing the 70m rigid wall in a deep overburden.

Key personnel (max 10 persons):

1. Name: Han Lianbing
Job Title: Director
Area of expertise: Centrifuge Operation
Geotechnical Engineering
Email address: Hanlb@iwhr.com

2. Name: Hou Yujing
Job Title: Deputy Director
Area of expertise: Geotechnical Engineering
Email address: Houyj@iwhr.com

3. Name: Ru Luan
Job Title: Associate Professor
Area of expertise: Instrumentation
Geotechincal engineering

4. Name: Huang Liqing
Job Title: Senior Engineer
Area of expertise: Instrumentation

5. Name: Du Yanling
Job Title: Professor
Area of expertise: Geotechnical Engineering

6. Name: Zhu Sizhe
Job Title: Professor
Area of expertise: Geotechnical Engineering

7. Name: Xiao Zhaojun
Job Title: Senior Technician
Area of expertise: Machine Maintainance

Key contacts: (maximum 2 persons)

1. Name: Han Lianbing
Job Title: Director
Tel: 86-10-68722826
Fax: 86-10-684538317
Address: Che Gong Zhuang West Road No.20
E-mail: Hanlb@iwhr.com

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Name of the center: NHRI Geotechnical Centrifuge Center
Manufacturer: Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute & China helicopter Research Institute
Year first used: 1991
Nominal Radius (m): 5.50
Max Design Acc (g): 200
Max Design Carrying Capacity (ton): 2.00
Max Acc used (g): 200 carrying (ton): 2
Max Load Tested (ton): 2.1 at (g): 190

Special Capabilities:
1. Electrohydraulic Shaker
2. Flaut displacement simulator

Tests:
1. The reaction between the cut-off wall and the dam foundation
2. The reinforced retaining wall
3. The soft foundation improvement
4. The construction settlement of the dam

Key Personnel_1: Mr. Weimin Zhang
Job Title_1: Director (deputy director of geo.dept)
Area Of Expertise_1: Geotechnical Engineering
Key Person Email_1: wmzhang@njhri.edu.cn

Key Personnel_2:  Mr. Guangming Xu
Job Title_2:  researcher
Area Of Expertise_2: Geotechnical Engineering
Key Person Email_2: gmxu@njhri.edu.cn

Key Personnel_3: Dr. Nianxiang Wang
Job Title_3:  researcher
Area Of Expertise_3: Geotechnical Engineering
Key Person Email_3: nxwang@njhri.edu.cn

Key Personnel_4: Dr. Zhengyin Cai
Job Title_4:  researcher
Area Of Expertise_4: Geotechnical Engineering
Key Person Email_4: zycai@njhri.edu.cn

Key Personnel_5: Mr. Shouhua Liu
Job Title_5:  researcher
Area Of Expertise_5: Mechanical Engineering
Key Person Email_5: shliu@njhri.edu.cn

Key Personnel_6: Mr. Jindong Yi
Job Title_6:  researcher
Area Of Expertise_6: Geotechnical Engineering
Key Person Email_6: jdyi@njhri.edu.cn

Contact_1: wmzhang
JobTitle_1: director
Tel_1: +86-25-3719255-541
Fax_1: +85-25-3736206
Address_1: geotech. Dept. of NHRI
34 Hujuguan road ,Nanjing
China,210024

Email_1: wmzhang@njhri.edu.cn
WebSite_1: http//www.njhri.edu.cn/

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Name of the center: Geotechnical Centrifuge Facility (HKUST)
Manufacturer: Team Corporation
Year first used: 2000
Nominal Radius (m): 4.47
Max Design Acc (g): 150
Max Design Carrying Capacity (ton): 4
Max Acc used (g): 100 carrying (ton): 2.5
Max Load Tested (ton): 3.375 at (g): 94

Special Capabilities:
1. 2D Shaker (2 horizontal directions)
2. 4-axis Robotic Manipulator
3. Network Data Acquisition

Tests: N/A

Key Personnel_1: Dr. Charles Ng
Job Title_1: Director
Area Of Expertise_1: Geotechnical Engineering
Key Person Email_1: cecwwng@ust.hk

Key Personnel_2: Dr. Paul Van Laak
Job Title_2: Engineer
Area Of Expertise_2: Geotechnical Engineering
Key Person Email_2: vanlaak@ust.hk

Key Personnel_3: Ms Shirley Tse
Job Title_3: Executive Officer
Area Of Expertise_3: Administration
Key Person Email_3: stse@ust.hk

Key Personnel_4: Mr. Peter Wong
Job Title_4: Technician
Area Of Expertise_4: Electronics Engineering
Key Person Email_4: wywong@ust.hk

Key Personnel_5: Mr. Mintono Raymond
Job Title_5: Technician
Area Of Expertise_5: Mechanical Engineering
Key Person Email_5: mintono@ust.hk

Key Personnel_6: Mr. Michael Wu
Job Title_6: Assistant Computer Officer
Area Of Expertise_6: Computer
Key Person Email_6: mike@ust.hk

Contact_1: Dr. Charles Ng
JobTitle_1: Director
Tel_1: (852)2358-8760
Fax_1: (852)2243-0379
Address_1: The HK Univ of Sci & Technology
Geotechnical Centrifuge Facility
ClearWater Bay,
Kln
Email_1: cecwwng@ust.hk
WebSite_1: http://www.ust.hk/~webgcf/

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